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Aden impose the rhythm of political life in Yemen
Patrick Krieger
Institute of International Relations - Birmingham
United Kingdom
I played the capital city of Aden, southern Yemen, the former British
colony instructive crucial role in the political and cultural history of
Yemen. It is the city of Aden started the first beginnings of the ideas
to change societies mired in the darkness of the Middle Ages to modern
life. Aden was also a silent men each change in Yemen from both South
and North. In addition to their children, who looked forward towards
sovereignty and the exercise of power in their homeland, were also Aden
harbour secretary of the leaders of the political movement for change
aspirants in the north like Naman Mohamed Ahmed and Mohamed Mahmoud
Zubairy and many others. It Aden infiltrated ideas times inside Yemeni
either through movement of people, particularly traders, intellectuals
and immigrants who played a big role in supporting the dissemination of
ideas that change, or through books, newspapers, magazines and other
publications that were smuggled into Sanaa, Taiz and Hodeida and father
and other northern cities to reach young hands flowing and lively
looking for a change. Altathiralthagavi did not stop the city of Aden at
the borders of cities and young people, but also to the countryside
where tribal Ivkrchik Kperho Sheikh Abdallah Al-Ahmar in his memoirs
that political consciousness may open by the person who submitted to the
village of Sheikh Aden down to him and delivered in the first knowledge
of political consciousness. The Iatbraheik Cross that the meeting was a
first study in politics.
The Aden over during the monarchy in northern Yemen are worrying
obsession haunt plagued governors Covenant since escaping from ideas
that threaten to change the system and structure of the traditional
combined. The guide Crown Ahmad bin Yahya Hamid debt to Eden in a
desperate attempt to close the windows before the winds of change coming
from the banks of the shores of the city. However, the traditions era
proceeded on the way and impossible these ideas cultural and political
movement of the masses into a powerful force that toppled the regime and
to allocate it to something of the past.
As Aden was a source of concern for the monarchy deposed regime in
northern Yemen, it has also also for the system, which fell behind
especially when that system completely, however Mchaek tribes over
thirty years.
The system feet independence in Aden Sultanates liquidated and the
elimination of the influence of tribal leaders in the south is a
horrible nightmare and a serious threat to Mchaek tribes in the north.
That is not hesitate conventional forces in the North in several
attempts to topple his regime and Gswaljnob Caraudh under section
(south) to the origin (North).
However healing unit two parts of Yemen in 1990, despite the feelings of
welcome received by the usual popular event, the observers questioned
the efficacy of the decision Unity integrationist as immediate, which
was done, and uncertainties also doubts of his ability to withstand.
Unity has been formed between the two values together political, legal
and social different for over a century and a half century ago. Has been
subject to colonize the city of Aden where the British established a
civilian-based system of political values and human rights and social
basis of equality between members of the community before the law
coupled with the existence of a dominant judicial system, independent
and impartial bodies to ensure effective implementation of the judicial
and law enforcement. Several generations have arisen in Aden, and grew
accustomed to the system, also extended the impact of this value system
to all regions of the south. That is why the rebels who ruled after
independence the system of social values that apply in their blood
because they have grown up
It does not know its substitute. In spite of the bloody political
conflicts that took place between the men that the only community under
the Southern system based on those values.
In contrast, the system of social values prevailing in northern Yemen
are based on tribal power and influence social and facie case. These are
then no longer legal equality between citizens, and become the strong
position which is the master of all citizens autonomous rights and the
rights of others and understand ji citizens undertakes protected them in
this society. That is if Mancha civil dispute between two people when
the offender is a strong tribe have a significant presence in the
authority of the State, such as Tribe rally or friends, and the victim
from the civilian nature such as Taiz and Hodeida or August, the last
Inal fairer than his opponent even if he dare Court Judge issued a
ruling in his favor. The maximum Maimkn get it is called upon Yemeni
Balahjroho slaughter cattle sheep or cows.
The imposition Mchaek rebel tribal customs of the ruling regime that
forcibly imposed on society as a citizen Pachtsarleijd for their right
state officials who head them complain transfers citizen access to the
customs of the tribe.
The leaders of the state itself has to enhance and consolidate the value
system in the community and in social awareness and the same is
resorting to the arbitration tribal problem arises when one end is one
of the tribes holding power and Alakharjhaz coast of the State organs.
Balammeralgrayb no longer be heard in Yemen that the government ruled
Khawlan example tribe in a dispute took place between the tribe and the
state. It also no longer abnormal also interested to hear that state
officials concerned with ensuring the application of law and the
preservation of the rights and maintenance of the dignity of citizens
from their opponents strong, racing to stand at the forefront of state
cancels Dorkanon and customs of the tribe devotes role in the life of
society. We leave the reader here with the news published in the
newspaper "days" Aladenih for nearly two months (February 4, 2008).
News says: "In the atmosphere of fraternal atmosphere of tolerance has
been the arbitration proceedings in the case of storming laboratories
Ben Brik Sanaa and attacking d. Sami Mohammed Salem Ben Brik and his
brother Waddah by an armed group last week. Came to the Ben Brik Mujahid
Sheikh Mohamed Qasem Abushoarb arbitrator what I DID a group of his
tribe...
The efforts of the benevolent whom d Brigade. Rashad Al, Deputy Prime
Minister and Minister of Interior and Professor Abdul Kader Hilal,
Minister of Local Administration, and Assistant General Ahmed Hussein,
Governor of Mareb, General Muhammad Nasir Ahmad, Minister of Defence,
and a number of sheikhs and tribal notabilities in the forefront Sheikh
Sadiq Bin Abdullah Bin Hussein Al-Ahmar, Al Sheikh Abdel Nasser and
Sheikh Salem al-Sheikh DH Baby twisted and Sheikh Tariq Farid Aldgari,
where track position quickly contain all since the first moments of the
accident immediately after their knowledge and to calm the soul and the
truth (!) and the reform of enmities. "
(Exclamation mark of the writer)
So that is the system values that are enshrined in the Yemen Arab
Republic to the State of the unit, a system run with those established
by the British rule in Aden and Sreetlleha sons of the city and the
South, generation after generation. That is not inevitably a clash
between the values of those systems. That the clash between two
cultures, one belongs to the community of the state and civil life, and
the other belonging to the preschool State, a tribal organization of
community and control leader Sheikh and Almtnfz forces. This has caused
the difference between cultures and values systems to manage the crisis,
a crisis of governance, when the President of the Government of Unity
(South) puts at the top of its agenda of political and economic reform
and build institutional system of the Department, the Head of State
(North) insists on the right and is right in its approach State
Department Abbaralhatv.
Thus, it became clear that what is happening in Aden systems, laws, and
civil rights for Aitwavk with absolute powers enjoyed by the President
of the country, as curiously Mchaek the interests of tribes and
influential in the north. The notes reveal judges in the north that they
started early on preparing himself for the coup on the terms of unity
and work to impede the implementation of the agreements and treaties
concluded with the union partner unit southern prelude to unseat him and
the control of the southern peace or war.
Zkraheik Aadallah Crraes the House of Representatives and former
President of the executive body of the Yemeni gathered for reform and
leader of the tribe strong rally in his memoirs that President Ali
Abdullah Saleh asked him and his allies from the Arabian and Islamic
forces since the early days of the establishment of the state unit to
cooperate with him in the pressure on the southern Unity partner, the
Socialist Party, and to oppose the agreements signed with the Socialist
Party in order to thwart the implementation of leading the country into
a political crisis pave the way for a declaration of war on the southern
boys and partner them to the South by force of arms and GRIP wealth.
Sheikh Abdallah Al-Ahmar: "The President asked us, in particular the
Islamic Group direction and I am with them, that Nikko n parties while
we are still in the conference. Told us: Be the ancillary parties of the
Conference and we are not we say goodbye and we will block one will
disagree and reap as Conference , in addition to that, he said: that the
agreement was between me and the Socialist Party ... and we can not
Atmlml conventions, and in light of your organization forces will
coordinate with you so endorsing opposition positions against some of
the points or the things that we agreed with the Socialist Party, which
are not correct and block implementation, and on this basis we Yemeni
Grouping for Reform ".
(Memoranda of Sheikh Abdullah Cross, prospects for printing and
publishing, Sanaa, 2007, p. 248 - 249).
Once the war ended between the two parts of Yemen in 1994 and achieved
the victory to the party even breathed a strong northern traditional
governance in the north and a sigh of relief that it has finally
realized the historic victory of this object, which was manifested from
Aden threatened its existence. However, the broad movement of popular
protests that have spread in southern Yemen since the beginning of last
year has hit those forces in the killing.
There is no doubt that the movement of those protests origin
Alambeshrazlm gross Paljnobien inflicted by their brethren from the
North, Macahidoh of plundering the wealth of Ctarham land and sea,
mineral, in addition to the assignment of staff of the former southern
civil, military and security retirement and deprived of their rights.
But the deeper motive indirect protest movement south is the conflict
between cultures. The culture of uncontrolled power that Aigidha law,
and Aihd their system, which brought to North Aden clash civilized
cultural heritage of the city, which represent a model of advanced than
had prevailed in the city but on the contrary, such a culture to return
south in the event of continuing imposed a century and a half a century
back. This is the fundamental challenge owe dilemma and the main
obstacle to the enormous control North to the South. And the looting and
robbery raging in the south in full swing, but the result of this
culture backward from the spirit of the times. Suffice it to see that
the policies of power and looting and theft of land and public and
private property by influential not only on the south but also northern
provinces, but the provinces of the north have not enjoyed Pfim culture
or other social or in the Covenant Royal Republican Germaho based
gaskets. Therefore, the resistance to such policies and practices at the
North concentrated mainly among intellectuals and educated people who
Awa They realized their rights as citizens and are struggling for the
attainment of Zvrabha while the vast majority of the citizens of those
rights Ayalmon nothing. As for the South systems of modern life was a
reality enjoyed by the solution since the British colonial power in
their country, and walked it, generation after generation.
Thus, the Aden, after thirteen years of the 1994 war returned to play
influential role in the history of Yemen. As this city was a source of
culturally inspired liberals North topple the monarchy in the front, it
then, constructed there, including the values of civilization in the
south has led them to resist policies power and corruption, which
brought the North and work to be published over the past years. Having
hit those Alajthajat rulers Alahtzasalhdid northern state of
unconsciousness ability to maintain balance, as demonstrated by the
reactions government, which ranged between first and then disregard
resort to violence on one hand and management decisions aimed at
pleasing segments of the South on the other.
But it seems that government policies to contain these protests have yet
to bear fruit, but on the contrary, already knows the issue southern
exceeded within one year Ntaffha Southern took impose themselves
strongly growing map of the country and is shaping the new political
situation in Yemen. The protests prompted southerners muddy water in the
north Alajtjajat Nazis deemed "unwanted and sit-ins in various
governorates claim serious changes in the policies and systems of
governance.
Thus, the regime in Sanaa aware of the day that unity with the south
were not interesting walks, and the culture of governance civil corps
deeply rooted in the life of Aden and the south is not easy to overcome
particular has Titan hearts and minds of the masses enthusiastic and
willing to make sacrifices for the sake sake of a dignified life and the
future bright for the coming generations. The system is Haked finds in
the culture of governance that trap real impact factor and a real threat
to him. The system is not able to continue ruling the South the way by
which to judge, and the loss of South Asrarali content of the date feed
the lifeblood of the system, as it was unable to break bonds of unity
and a return to pre-May 22, 1990. Whenever movement intensified popular
protests whenever returned resonate south of the northern governorates
increased Adzgm from imposing security and the extension of the system
and spread chaos and taking double concern of the international
community from the lack of security and stability in this vital region
and the task of global security Megolh binding open files this country
and help people to achieve their aspirations in the modern civilian life
happy.
March 10, 2008 |
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